You what do you believe?

Do you remember this doormat?

Since I placed it I have noticing a tendency that happens every Friday: often I meet that the above-mentioned object is turned so that the warning on the crossing of the border to Oz's country speaks to the inhabitants of the house and not to those who want to enter her. I suspect that it is not a coincidence that is Friday when they clean the common areas of the neighbors' community.

There occur to me several hypotheses that explain this phenomenon:

1. Coincidence. The lady of the cleanliness does not know English bothers to read the doormats and leaves it as it falls down.

2. The lady of the cleanliness obviously knows the correct orientation of the letters but he believes more suitable that the message is read from the house.

3. Perhaps be in fact a sample of very well worn sarcasm with which the person in charge tries to leave to me the message of which in fact the exterior world, the forest of asphalt, is the chiripitifláutico and it is not necessary to go out of house without a warning.

The third option would be the one that more illusion would do to me, but: you what do you think?

This reminds to me that I have in the dressing room a post on the peli of Oz's magician, I hope I finish it.

Torrent Greek S03E18 Camp Buy Me Love free

Preparing the summer trip

Since in so many other situations of the life, when of traveling one treats the preliminary ones they are fundamental and provide big pleasures simultaneously that assure an ideal use of the experience.

From this weekend, the dromedaries we already have the reservation of the flights of the holidays of August. And in this occasion especially, if the arrangements must be on a par that the destination to be visited us demands, this trip is going to need a long and careful preparation from me.

I am that I do not believe it.

Oz's magician: suspense politician profascista

70 were fulfilled not long ago añazos of the premiere of Oz's magician. To remember so multicolored efeméride the lofty faraonato of Madrid installed a tent in the square of the buckets where the movie of free form one could see the past Christmases (of course, with a powerful heating well to point), occasion made use by a servant to enjoy again the magic of Oz's country, thing that was already doing some decade that did not happen. Although the argument was thinking about remembering enough good I could not have avoided to remain amazed before the development of the same one and the readings that can extract him when one has the rotten soul, as it is the case.

Ojito with the dog, which has very much danger

Let's remember that the history takes as a protagonist Dorothy (you are going to allow to me to use the original name and to avoid to use frightfully “Dorita“ who was used in the dubbing to Spanish and who only helps to make even more over-sweet a movie that already of for itself is like eating very crumbly shortcakes wetted in honey and muffled up in brown sugar). Dorothy is an orphan girl raised by his uncles who lives in a farm of Kansas. Let's say that it is a little characterless and that he lacks ten minutes of cooking. We do not know well to what he devotes himself, but we know that it adores his dog Totó, which is the typical tiny dog that you barks when you cross it in the portal and whom you cannot avoid to imagine it entering lunar orbit of a kick. In fact, the movie begins shortly after it has bitten to his poor person neighbor, the city dweller Gulch, who obviously comes to house of Dorothy's uncles and confiscates the above-mentioned cánido so that they put the microchip and vaccinate of the anger, nevertheless, the dog escapes, Dorothy finds it and together they abscond from house. Unfortunately, his plans see truncated by a force tornado 5 that forces them to return to the hearth, but too much late to enter the bunker: in the end Dorothy and Totó finish “flying away” literally speaking, together with the whole house and landing in a magic country that we will call URROZ, “the union of Oz's republics”. We know that the URROZ is magic because we see it in tecnicolor, there the director was skillful, of another form the public would have got lost.

On having gone out of the house, we discover that Dorothy, involuntarily, has just committed an assassination: the flying housing has squashed the “bad Witch of the East”, which was governing in the “Union of Socialistic Republics of Pequeñilandia” (URSP). One notice the unjust epithet that the deceased receives gobernant to, since her without having already gone so far as to know at least it us is mediatizando in his against: and who? Since not at all more and neither more nor less than the individual one, of Aryan race for more signs, which makes be called “a good Fairy of the North”, which one appears to Dorothy in a floating bubble. We have already said that Dorothy is not many lights that it has, therefore he accepts without criticism by the message that the Fairy of the North transmits: the inhabitants of the URSP he was living submitted to the cruel communist yoke of the "bad" Witch of the East and they have been liberated by Dorothy's good one. From now on the pequeñines (a people naturally proletarian, with strong group conscience, without development of the individuality and incapability of to be governed themselves) will be "free", or what is the same: the Fairy of the North has managed to extend his influence area to the oriental territories of the URROZ.

Logically, this imbalance in the established powers order does that it comes there is big enough the “bad Witch of the West”, which is not of Aryan race not much less, but it is ugly and green. Dorothy, mediatizada for the Fairy of the North, interprets this personage as evil and his rejection is clear. Nevertheless this unjust reaction is not compared at all with the scene that, astonished, we are on the point of attending. When it still has not been restored of the impact of the news about the tragic loss of his relative (we are not anybody), apologetic and affected the Witch of the West discovers with amazement that the red shoes of his sister (memory of family, of his legitimate property like heiress of the dead witch and holders, as we will see, of spectacular magic powers) are nicked literally in front of his nostril and placed in Dorothy's feet. All this for work and grace of the Fairy of the North who does not hesitate a moment to snatch what is not his and to give it to the one who can dabble at his{your} pleasure (to what does not it begin liking you?).

The heredity of the discord

The anger of the witch is more than understandable. If it was already not of for itself green, we do not doubt that this dirty play would have obtained the same bronzy tone in his epidermis (bronzy rusty, which Charioteer of Delphi, is understood). The witch swears revenge and moves back, and Dorothy begins worrying because that obviously is not Kansas and they owe already to be waiting for it to have dinner. Here it is when there takes place one of the most macabre strategies of the history of the Seventh Art, take note, dear readers, that Dorothy already has in his feet the “Guatemalans of rubies” in this moment of the plot and as we know it might have returned instantaneously with his uncles without having caused any more problems in the URROZ. Nevertheless: what does the Fairy of the North advise him? Since that continues the roadway of yellow tiles that there leads to the City Emerald, where there lives Oz's magician, which is wise and it will help him.

The beauty is a good fairy, the ugly one is a bad witch. Children, you have to always allow you to go for the appearances.

Knowing, how the educated and formed person knows, which is going to be occurring of the events and who is in fact this fraud that magician makes call remains clear and crystalline that the trip iniciático of Dorothy for the footpath of yellow tiles and everything what is going to happen in him is in fact a stratagem darkly drafted by the "good" Fairy of the North. A stratagem, for more signs, already prepared and schemed from the first moment of the history. Do not say to me that the spiky hair does not put itself you.

The proletarians of the URSP say goodbye of Dorothy with an instructive song where they insist him in the way to be covered: that of yellow tiles. Let's reflect on a moment on this roadway. We know that the way is born in the capital of Pequeñilandia-URSP, since we see clearly how it arises from a spiral in the square of the people, and know also that the way finishes in the City Emerald. This highway must not be an any way, but it is joining the neuralgic centers of power of the URROZ. The first one of them has already fallen down under the mastery of the Fairy of the North, and other will do it possibly. There is no doubt that the one who controls both cities has access to the strategic points of the area, and this is what the Fairy wants. Here there is a brief one "but", although I suspect that no reader remembers it and am not going to mention it to give opportunity to a major discussion in the comments and to avoid to get longer too much.

The way of yellow tiles connects two neuralgic centers of power in the URROZ: Pequeñilandia and the City Emerald

The central point of the plot, as you will remember, it includes the meeting with three personages: the Scarecrow, the Man of tinplate and the León. Each of them shows a deficit in some virtue that from Platón times is already mentioned like necessary in every good leader: deficit of intelligence (the Scarecrow), deficit of heart (the Man of tinplate) and deficit of value (the León). The meetings with every personage are quite pathetic and Dorothy's good one, instead of avoiding the undesirable companies, it makes them participants of his spiritual search staying of manifesto that really Dorothy lacks a boiling. We are going to see, if Dorothy's legitimacy consulting Oz's magician can already be raised doubts: what nostril does it paint in this trip these three individuals? If I was Oz's magician it might not have contained my anger: "But what have you believed that is this? the English Cut?” angry one would have answered them everything, but well, this is another thing.

Since he was saying: this trip iniciático is integrated a few deficit personages: absolute lack of rational soul (lógos), personified by the Scarecrow; the pathologically weak state of the irascible soul (thymós) represented so much by the Man of Tinplate as by the León; and finally an excessive development of the soul concupiscible (epithymía) personified by Dorothy who, for more inri, is the one that leads the expedition to his target. We conclude therefore that this expedition personifies what would be the antithesis of the good leader from the platonic point of view. Pull, there I leave that.

Small three paws p'a a bank

It is not known very well how, the walkers reach the City Emerald, the second center of power of the URROZ. When they request hearing with Oz's magician literally the door closes them in the nostril. Nevertheless in this moment the witch of the West turns to show and he asks the city to deliver Dorothy. In this moment and for fear of a war opened with the grounds of the West, the magician, interested he, yes that he accepts parlamentar with the covey. In this first meeting it is still not discovered that the magician is in fact a fraud. With vulgar circus tricks he promises to grant to Dorothy and his friends his desires … in exchange for the broom of the Witch of the West. At this point of the movie we us smell already that the magician wants to finish in fact the territorial disputes of both regions (we imagine that adjacent) with the dirty strategy of snatching from the witch his power.

The magician will be a fraud, but of idiot it does not have hair. It is possible that four personajillos that they call to his door are a few idiots and not precisely the best team that it is possible to wish to assault the castle of the witch and to give a coup d'état but: You fijásteis in the inhabitants of the City Emerald? They are still worse that those of Pequeñilandia! They would be unable to kill to a fly, they would be scared with a rattle and let's remember that the followers of the witch are winged monkeys that would overwhelm anyone. The magician was rapid thinking: obviously it neither can nor wants to grant the desires for that they ask him, but this is the occasion that goes waiting years and her is not going to allow to escape and that's why it uses Dorothy and cía so that they try to steal the broom of the witch. Evil what!

The following episode is basically shameful. The witch is with difference the most capable person that we have seen till now of governing a fief of the URROZ. Although it kidnaps Dorothy to recover the ruby shoes (let's remember: of his legitimate property) he does not want to kill it because yes, but because it is a necessary condition so that it is possible to withdraw the magic footwear from him. When the Scarecrow, the Man of tinplate and the León assault the castle a row takes place in the one that reveals that NONE of them has resisted the initial deficit: they keep on being an idiot, a cuatrolatas and a coward. If the situation ends up by being solved happily for them it is only because of coincidence him a water bucket falls down to the witch and this one dies. Brief interjection: yours is already a nasty luck if she has you to be a green witch and you die with a thing as stupid as a puñetero water bucket, waste time what coincidence. Almost I cry when I see dying the witch of this so unworthy form: there is no right! Without deserving it by no means, Dorothy takes the broom of the witch and they all return to the City Emerald where the magician cannot believe it well that has gone out for him quite.

Nevertheless, not everything was going to be a good luck and Totó discovers the cake on having moved the curtain where he hides: in fact the magician is a fraud. This complicates everything, because a powerful magician can be in charge to do simply puñetas the personajillos that have solved the ballot paper, but as soon as the cake was discovered it is a time question that the inhabitants of the City inform Emerald and end up by rebelling. The rapid and cowardly reaction is that of fleeing: the ear eats them to the Scarecrow, to the Man of tinplate and to the León so that it are thought that they have overcome his phobias (we have just seen that it is a lie in the episode of the castle), and gives them a few objects or lucky charms so that they entrust themselves. It is a hard decision to leave the government of the city to these three unpresentable ones, but he has not left any more remedy. Finally he decides to leave in balloon with Dorothy. Theoretically it is going to take it to Kansas, but secretly he tries to push it when they have reached enough height to get rid of the last one of his problems (after all she is the last person in charge of the end of his reign in the city).

I said to you that the dog had very much danger, look at him, on the verge of tying it up again

In the last moment, again it is Totó the one that alters the plans: the male prostitute dog of the balls that has not stopped being mischievous since it began the movie jumps of the balloon just before detaching and Dorothy escapes of his destination. She remains very sad because she cannot return to Kansas, but which deus ex-crane appears the good Fairy of the North and informs him: oh solitude fields, oh faded hills! of that there is enough that it strikes the ruby shoes three times so that it returns with his uncles: the same puñeteros shoes that it was wearing from almost the beginning of the movie. What would any person have done with blood in the veins? Since logically to put the ruby shoes to the Fairy where the back loses his name and turns mainly into the eyelet, but: no! Dorothy him pays attention without rechistar and really it is transported magically to Kansas where, redamn it, everything has been seemingly a sleep.

Seemingly, I say, this is a happy end for Dorothy, but it it is moreover for the Fairy of the North. Let's summarize his situation to the beginning and at the end of the movie.

In the beginning, the Fairy of the North was not controlling any of the centers of power of the URROZ, had two mortal enemies (a to the east and other one on the west), with each objects of magic power (shoes and broom) and basically, although it could fly in magic bubbles it was a doñanadie.

At the end of the movie the balance of power has changed radically: so much the witch of this one as that of the west they have been eliminated. In Pequeñilandia-URSP there is a gap of power that it will not find it hard to him to fill, position that the pequeñímanos are used to obeying and are not a rival for a Fairy. As for the City Emerald, another center of power, is governed by three personages who, as we have seen, are the inept some and in whom also it has a proven influence capacity. The two only rivals who stay in the whole URROZ (the magician and Dorothy) have been neutralized permanently, and two magic objects are in his power (we do not know that the shoes are moved to Kansas with Dorothy and surely that will not find it hard to him a lot of work to take the broom from him to the triumvirate).

Conclusion: for whom the end of the movie is really happy it is for the Fairy, an Aryan tirana without conscience that it has used Dorothy to submit the whole Oz's country under his domain and the one to that does not give his them not thank you.

Bearing in mind that the work dates back to when Hitler went away to veranear to Poland (1939), to the exaltation that is done from the tyranny and from the continuous allusion to the inferiority of the communist systems, I believe that it is clear that this movie is in fact a work of fascist propaganda that managed to slip in secretly in Hollywood with the classic intention of “I hope he tipples”.

There that stays.

Toys to annul the will

Do you know the fantastic toy “ball in the boat”? (from the second one 29, and I feel it for the bad quality).

It gives me the dumb laugh seeing this announcement: "who needs electronic stimulation when you can have a ball tied to a boat?”, since that, quite the effort of the publicity centred on selling a bullshit. Perhaps it seems to you that the example is exaggerated, but today they have spent this one another announcement to me, authentically really (thank you, Esther): Swing Wing! How could you have spent your infancy without one of these?

Tremendous document come from the past to make us reflect on the smallness of the times through that he has us to live.

Ea, and so that you do not remain pensive and crestfallen, here other toys cañís for desengrasar.

Half truths on the CO2

In this that SuperSantiEgo comes and does to me to come this video (cortito):

Carbon dioxide: the vital breath

For that you should not be tanned in English, basically this gentleman says, this way of grandiloquent form, that he felt like putting many aquariums with plants inside and that he wanted to prove what was happening when "insuflaba" different concentrations of CO2. I say well that thing about insuflar because literally he affirms that for 19 months every night it was filling to different blasts number of syringes with the exhaled air of his lungs to the aquariums, obtaining this way in them ambience with different concentrations of CO2. Since you see everything it stays as very "divinely". After this time he verified that there was a very clear interrelation between the aquariums with air enriched in CO2 and those where the plants had grown more. This most skillful observation serves to him to conclude that in fact the carbon dioxide is “the gas of the life”, that it favors the biomass production and that therefore all the affirmations of which it is a question of a product be contaminated there are attempts of confusing and of manipulating.

I do not know if you will be surprised that he says to you that I agree absolutely with this gentleman essentially everything what he says it is true, now well, the problem comes when there tries to slip in this information falsely presented like novel discoveries, like arguments opposite to the need to avoid the global warming.

So, we go on parts:

The first perversion has to do with the experiment in itself. Since you know, the green plants absorb dioxide of atmospheric carbon and turn it into organic matter with help of the solar light thanks to a process called photosynthesis and that takes as residual products molecules of oxygen, highly pollutant (for according to whom). The extract of the process is that, in fact, the carbon that is part of the textiles of the vegetable and that then, according to the chains tróficas, is going on to all the animals of the ecosystem, comes precisely from the dioxide of carbon absorbed in the photosynthesis. Not in vain there is called he to this process a fixation of the carbon, and it is led by one of the most important enzymes of the biosphere: the ribulosa 1-5 difosfato carboxilasa-oxidasa (RuBisCo, for the friends).

Know, friends of the blogoplancton, that the life on this planet as we know it today present enzyme depends in the most important portion on this one in all the plants with photosynthesis oxigénica and that, as unequivocal demonstration of the intelligent design, turns out to be tremendously inefficient, is motivated by me for which it is necessary to produce in big quantities, and in fact it is believed that it is the most abundant enzyme of the biosphere.

Any that one who knows something about chemistry can be corroborated by him, one of the forms of accelerating the speed of a reaction is to increase the concentration of the reagents, especially if there constitute a factor limitante. Understanding that the carbon dioxide is in the ambience much diluted (0.04 %) is obvious that an increase in the concentration of the same one obviously will increase the fixation of the carbon and therefore the biomass production.

This phenomenon, for example, is known in abundance between the acuaristas, who inject carbon dioxide into the water so that the plants grow more, and I can say for proper experience that the difference is abysmal: when I add this gas to my aquarium I have to prune the plants every week, thing that does not happen when the bottle has remained empty.

Basically it gives a little of foreign shame (and of laugh) that this gentleman gives him so much importance to an experiment that can be done in a course of biology of baccalaureate and bandages it like a top investigation, but you already know that Internet is what it has. Already put, his video could be much better if instead of gait fooling about and giving blasts to syringes a few bottles of CO2 had been bought in the animals shop of next to his house: the experiment would have been much more rigorous and would not have hyperventilated so much. Also, the concentration of CO2 in the exhaled air can be very variable and it is not, not much less, a gas in high concentration.

The second perversion is that it tries to use of this supposed discovery of his to affirm that the global warming is a lie because the CO2 is not pollutant.

Really the CO2 is not pollutant, it is more, it is a fundamental gas for the functioning of the biosphere, and the greenhouse effect that it produces is the same way necessary for the balance of the ecosystems. Without him the Earth would be a frozen planet, as it it was also in some moments of the past. The CO2 is necessary, the problem comes when even small changes in his concentration increase the greenhouse effect up to the point of altering the climate that we have experiencing.

Intrinsically it is not that this is good or bad, but if the models are in the certain thing and an increase of scarcely a few grades of temperature on a global scale they provoke that there melt the polar ice fields, which found the reservations of fresh water of the mountains, which there alters the fenología of plants and animals (including those who feed the population), that desertifiquen inhabited areas, which extend illnesses and a length etc., it is not very difficult to conclude that in proper egoism it is interesting to us to try to preserve a balance with the environment.

That thing about the greenhouse effect. Yes, already I know that you all know it to yourselves.

It is very possible that with the habitual distortion of the information that realize the massive mass media, the people have ended up by thinking that the carbon dioxide is some type of pollutant. This is flatly false, and to perpetuate this idea only serves to favor distortions as that of the video of the beginning of the entry. Neither it is true that the greenhouse effect is slightly negative, much on the contrary, it is necessary, and if it turns out to be dangerous for the humanity and the current biodiversity is for an excess question, but not because it is the result of an air pollution.

With complete certainty, the increase of the atmospheric concentration of CO2 is provoking an increase in the process of fixation of the carbon, and therefore, the biomass production is major than in times immediately previous to the increase antropogénico of this gas in the ambience. Nevertheless, the process of fixation of the carbon has never been the worry motive, but the undesirable effects in the climate that has an increase of the greenhouse effect.

So I hope we all do an effort to be well informed, because it is precisely when the concepts have no skylights the ideal moment in which they strain a video of the yutú to you with plants in aquariums and deifying music and do the prick to you a foul-up.

Investigating is to invest in future

That the scientific investigation has ill-treating systematically in Spain for centuries is something that you do not need that he remembers you. A few months ago, immediately after the announcement of a dramatic clipping in the budget of I+D, an important part of the community blogosférica agreed to repeat that the Science in Spain does not need scissors. Giving for fact that in general they do not do to the citizens I do not even marry when we demonstrate, tomorrow there comes the moment to make something more than adhere to a campaign. the Federation of Investigative Young people (FJI-Precarios), the Association for the Advance of the Science and Technology in Spain (AACTE), the National Association of Investigators Ramón and Cajal (ANIRC), the National Association of Investigators Juan de la Cierva (ANIJDC), the Investigators' Association Parga Pondal (AIPP) and the National Association of Hospitable Investigators (ANIH) have summoned for tomorrow in Madrid one of the declarations in defense of the scientific investigation most important that are remembered. It comes to be the ending of what we have been experiencing in the last months, when after what seemed that it was going to be a bet shy but compromised with the science, it has been demonstrated to us that this keeps on being the country of “that invent others”. The threat in the budgetary clippings keeps on gliding on the universities and research centers and it is led by different administrations of the state at several levels; before the economic crisis he chooses to turn to the ladrillazo and not do “experiments“ with what njecesita something more than punctual enthusiasm injections with four years of expiration; the calls of scholarships and contracts pre and postdoctoral they keep on being late and every year they turn the same everlasting suspense (for not speaking about the contracts that have not been renewed in the last months); we continue without having an investigative career in strict sense and the future “law of the science”, which raises enough suspicion, he makes to suspect that in fact ad talks each other of a patch hoc extracted of the sleeve in the last moment.

It keeps on being very necessary to do little noise. The investigators we do not have it very easy because we are not a group so numerous as others. That's why, if you were of that you solidarizaste with that one of “Scissors Not”, that you know that tomorrow you need at 12:00 in the Square of Columbus.

Here you can read the manifesto, which extract has been published in Science:

“The investigation and the innovation are crucial for the development and the well-being of the society. In the context of the current crisis, the economic model of Spain is urgent to change after a sustainable economy. Nevertheless, we observe that the investment in research and development is the first “collateral damage” in the finance of the State, although only we dedicate to Investigación+Desarrollo+innovación (I+D+i) the 1 ’35 % of the GDP. A group much affected by this "snip" will be that of the applicants to enter the investigative career and, especially, that of the scientists with temporary contract, which they will see in many cases like this one is not renewed, after all his years of work, during a process of formation and continuous improving financed largely by the State, which wastes this way his investment.

The scientific sector was completely alienated of the measured anticrises, when a Plan And dedicated to the Investigation and to the scientific infrastructures it might have fulfilled the same targets that really realized and to have supposed a usable qualitative jump in the later years. The increase of the unemployment should have impelled an urgent national program of formation of investigators and technical staff and of recycling of workpeople of excessive sectors; also, it had been an excellent moment to impel the activities of I+D+i in the private sector.

The Spanish scientific system suffers from a series of structural, endemic evil, which, ideally, are parcheados in a deficient way, like the continuous change of the bureaucratic persons in charge and of the structures of management of the investigation, the absence of a fixed calendar of calls of research projects, the arbitrariness and lacking in planning in the systems of selection, promotion and stabilization of the personnel, and the paralyzation of diverse necessary legislative initiatives.

We believe that it is time to go out to the street and to demand a bet clear and decided on a society based on the investigation and the development like future props, to demand a real increase of the resources public and deprived in the sector of I+D+i, so that in the term as short as possible the European average should be equal in % of GDP, and to demand the design of an investigative career that should favor the stabilization of the investigators.

The different associations, societies, trade unions, groups and investigators below signatories we believe that it is the moment of that the whole scientific community, all together, we bet egg white and decisively for the science and the innovation in Spain.”

More information in “For the investigation“.

And of gift, exclusive for The Histories Eulerianas the prime minister told a little why it happens what it spends.

First they cut the investigators away … but I was not investigative

This is an only one brief reflection on the yesterday declaration. I do not want that it seems that I am throwing a row, but it is good that some facts they put on the table so that nobody takes to trick.

1. The organizers in general and Precarious in particular they have done a very big effort so that this was not one more declaration. They take months organizing it and giving him the whole possible diffusion for an event of a rather modest openwork like age it is compared with those of other groups and in that a support poquitín had been evident and been grateful very much.

2. Personally I believe that the declaration was a defeat. One does not give me well to calculate inflows although the numbers range between “several hundreds” and 2500 persons (and 2500 looks like already to me an exaggeration). Although it was trying to be one of the most important declarations of investigators, different of the presents we remembered other more numerous grant holders concentrations for matters of soaked minor, and that that for the occasion buses had freighted so that there were coming investigators of all the parts of Spain.

3. This was not a declaration on scholarships or instability. It was a declaration for the investigation and therefore this one must mean in a country that he wants to be considered to be developed. In spite of it, most of the assistants we were young people pre or postdoctoral. There were shining for his absence the titular teachers, professors, officials in general and investigators with a fixed position (with honorable exceptions). Namely that we were the everlasting ones.

4. There were shining also for his absence demonstrators who were not involved straight in the world of the investigation (again, with very honorable exceptions). Beforehand it can seem clear that only there goes to a declaration the one who is implied straight, but after that one of the Scissors Not, one, which does not learn the lesson in what it refers to ingenuousness, perhaps was hoping that for the first time this was a declaration in which many of those not investigative anonymous persons who seemed so indignant at the budgetary clipping were going to give the face. The above mentioned: my fault, for ingenuous.

That it is known that it seems phenomenal to me, that each one does what gives him the desire, as must be, and that of course behind every absence there will be a completely well-taken explanation that is not my matter: it would be missing more!

Saying this, that nobody takes to trick about the “power of Internet”. All join a common cause giving to him to "accept" in the button of the group of féisbuk or giving a banner in the great bloj mola, costs little, makes to feel better and even can make to think that is doing something to himself for the science, which to all imports loads for us and stays superguay to presume of skeptic, of atheist and of freethinker. Revolutionaries of pajamas and slippers. What good do we pass connecting us, putting the scream in the sky and checking the visits and the karma: eh boys?

I belong to those who doubt very much on the power of the declarations, but if a society is not not even ready to go out to the street on one Saturday morning the fact is that it is not ready to do anything.

UPDATE:

Album of photos of the declaration, of Alfie

Manifa for the investigation: this way it us goes

Where estábais?

The best polite declaration of the history

Fungi, worms and world view

We all have our own way of understanding the reality, although that does not mean that it is representative. Let's think, for example in the nemátodos. “The this pesao is already”, you will say many “speaking about filthy bugs”, good since yes. The nemátodos come to story because, except due to not very agreeable certain illnesses, most of the human beings are lived by us completely foreign to his existence. There are not even nice worms, like the poliquetos, or moderately interesting or disgusting, like the leeches, simply there are a worm limited to his elementary form, blancuzo, insipidly, tiny and completely obviable.

Readership, here a nemátodo, nemátodo, here a few friends

About 25.000 nemátodos species are known. They can seem great, but in the context of the long million and a half species of organisms (in 70 %, insects) that know each other do not seem great, scarcely a modest 1.6 %. Well, since the nemátodos are throughout and establish all kinds of symbiotic, often very narrow relations with a few certain organisms, it is thought that with all probability the importance of the nemátodos has been undervalued very much, probably in one or more magnitude orders. In fact, some specialists in invertebrates suspect that the nemátodos in fact might have a diversity comparable or superior to that of the arthropods. If to this we add to him that, although we do not know how many species exist in the whole world, but the whole world seems in agreement in which we know only one small part, we would be speaking about million species of nemátodos swarming round there. The world is a gusanal.

Let's think now about the fungi. The same you believe that you know more of fungi that of nemátodos, but it is not necessary to exaggerate either. Of course when one speaks to you about fungi think about this:

The best for the depression and for the omelettes

And also you will be wrong. The "mushrooms" are only the visible reproductive body that they produce a species fistful to liberate the spores, but the hifas are the real "body" of the mushroom: a network of microscopic filaments that spend the life without sorrow or glory mainly in the soil. Namely that although some of them produce mushrooms, the mushroom basically is a set of bland hifas that walk round there perreando without we paying the most minimal attention to them.

Hifas. Do not look any more, that is quite

Again speaking in numbers: it has described approximately 70.000 species of fungi (of some of them a few ADN sequences are known only obtained blindly). Although the estimations have ranged very much in the last years, it seems that very possibly they exist on one million and a half species of fungi, that is to say, so many species as that today it has described joining all the modern living beings. Again, a diversity inabarcable and anonymous, buried and in the dark or happening unnoticed for the humanity in an immense proportion.

This parallelism between the nemátodos and the fungi is not a coincidence. For the human being there are absolutely foreign creatures that do not say anything to us: they are small, scantly usable, underground, only we intergesticulate with a small proportion of his wealth, nothing representative and for our senses they are bored enormously and uniform … and nevertheless there can be one of the keystones of the biosphere. His world is absolutely different: without light and without sound, but with a wealth of chemical signs and of complex interactions that we do not prune ourselves not even to imagine.

Sharing so many things, it is no wonder that both lineages intergesticulate often. Perhaps the most surprising thing that happens that we know is that h moan fungi nematófagos, that is to say, fungi that they "eat" nemátodos.

The fungi nematófagos more acquaintances produce a few pitfalls with form of ring that close when the worm happens across him catching it and, possibly, digesting it thanks to a few special hifas that him suck to the worm up to the first mush.

A nemátodo, being caught by two pitfalls in ring of a mushroom.

Animation of the pitfall (constrictive version)

I have not found videos where is seen how the moment of the apprehension, but here we see a poor wretch nemátodo trying futilmente to escape of his mushroom captor.

These rings are the only one of six types of pitfalls that the fungi has developed during his evolution, including sticky hair of different forms, bonds, and real networks. According to this page there are known 160 species of fungi that they devour or parasitan to nemátodos. We know that there are a small part of a much major amount of to which our ignorance is encyclopedic. Extrapolating the information of the estimations we can calculate that, as minimum there are 4000 fungi species worms hunters, a number fifteen times higher than that of carnivorous mammals that exist.

Let's think finally about the images of documentary that we have of carnivorous mammals hunting: lions chasing to gazelles, wolves running behind fawns, the shift fox killing a partridge, the bear catching salmons in Alaska, and a length etc. Well, there is a universe at least fifteen times more diverse under our feet in that harmful fungi puts pitfalls to worms, chemical ambushes have a tendency, spectacular escapes and the life take place and the death they continue his course completely behind the back of us, that we are considered so important with our vertebrae, our eyes and our mortgages. And again, this is an only one smallest proportion of this parallel universe that vetoed to our comprehension, and all this in the dirt and the ground on that we tread. I do not know you but it comes to me very well to try to see the life like a worm. Curiously it does that it feels less important.

Two centimeters of grass

The protagonist of this entry is a small blue butterfly called Phengaris rebeli, (previously under the genre Maculinea) also acquaintance like “hormiguera of spots“. Lepidopterous tiny East is well-known for many decades on the part of the entomologists due to a few very curious peculiarities of his vital cycle. It belongs to the family of the licénidos, a few small butterflies and of delicate and discreet beauty that passions raise between certain photographers. Many licénidos larvae show some type of mutualism with the ants, being common that these defend in his nutritional insects plants theirs predators in exchange for molasses that exudan for a few glands of his cuticle. Nevertheless the species that occupies us became famous precisely for going a step further away and to complete the last phase of his metamorphosis inside an anthill. Apparently it was in 1956 when a British investigator saw by chance how a larva in last stadium of the Phengaris "was" "dropped" of the gentian that had fed it and how a working ant of the species Myrmica nausithous was taking it to his anthill.

The entomólgo in question had just spun what happened and announced the curious phenomenon: the larva had to suffer his last change as such in the anthill, being thus the chrysalis sure and protected under ground, emerging like adult in the suitable moment. The discovery of this singularity attracted the attention on this species of butterfly that was taking a time in frank regression and by the end of 50s it was practically extinguished in Great Britain. In 1960, like desperate measurement, the entomological shift society bought the area where there was living the last English population of Phengaris rebeli and the valló as last attempt of avoiding his disappearance. Let's make here a fully deserved comment about the well-intentioned intervention of these Englishmen. I do not know how many previous examples would be of protection measurements of a species of invertebrate, but I do not believe that they were great. Unfortunately, a few years later, this butterfly disappeared definitely of this shore of the English Channel. A decade later, the relative near Phengaris arion (=Maculinea arion), continued for the same way and became extinct in the whole country.

The history continues in the continental Europe, where the knowledge was extended on the biology of the hormiguera of spots. There ended up by being unraveled, for example, the biochemical trick that allows him to share cockpit with the jealous ants: a few porous glands secrete an attractive substance for the ants, while the called "tentacles" are in charge of producing the pheromone that identifies this larva as ant, avoiding to be devoured by his rent matrons. This does that the life of the larva depends completely on the correct functioning of these deceitful glands of the cuticle and turns the moment of the change into critic. Since you know, all the arthropods change his cuticle and this butterfly is not an exception. Newly gone out of the chrysalis, the new cuticle of the adult lacks the glands swindlers that we were mentioning and any ant that detects it will not hesitate to attack it. It is for it that the adult butterfly flees of the night anthill, while the ants are inactive, like an inverse thief: going out of the house with evening hours and secretiveness.

The new investigations met the same way on the possible cause of the extinction of the British population, since the biochemical relation of these butterflies was quite narrow with a species of ant (I remember: Myrmica nausithous), but not with others. Apparently, to the vallarse the area where the last butterflies population was living, the cattle stopped feeding in the area and the grassland did a few centimeters to itself higher. This was enough so that the average temperature of the soil was lowering of temperature a pair of grades, and this cooling of the soil was sufficient so that Myrmica nausithous was displaced by another species of very similar ant, M. scabridonis, not capable of being cheated by the glands of the larvae of the butterfly, which were turning out to be unable to complete his cycle.

Ironies of the life, the measurement driven to despair to protect the English Phengaris population with the whole good intention of the world was the one that provoked his extinction in the island. A marvelous example that demonstrates that the intricate relations between the living beings can be very surprising and that to realize works of conservation of fauna and flora it is not necessary to get tired of investigating and to study in depth the biology of the species, is not going to be that we end up by tying it up for things so dumb as two centimeters of grass.

The history of the butterflies hormigueras would give to speak very much: there are larvae that end up by being carnivorous and feed on eggs and larvae of the ants that lodge them; recently they have discovered that in addition to the chemical tricks, the ants larvae express also sonorous tricks to be identified like ants, and insurance that you find fascinating knowledge that there are wasps icneumónidas (these cabronas that put eggs in the larvae of other insects so that they are eating up them live inside showing the God's immense love) that they settle in the entry of the anthill and are capable of "hearing" if there is inside a butterfly larva hormiguera before risking to enter and put the "alien". Nevertheless I believe that it is worth finishing with good news. Last year was publishing in Science a few good results in the reintroduction of P. arion Swedes in the British islands: the populations were increasing thank you, between other things, to the correct diagnosis of the problem. Precisely there where the cattle was grazing again according to the traditional use of the area, the populations of the butterfly were prospering again demonstrating that the knowledge and the investigation are the key for the design of good strategies for the conservation of the threatened flora and fauna, and that once again the abandonment of the traditional uses of the area is a probable cause of the extinction of many species.

In north half of Spain there live four species of the genre Phengaris, including P. rebeli. The last one is considered to be according to the Red Book of the Invertebrates of Spain a vulnerable species. His principal threats are, as it was of waiting, the abandonment of the bovine and sheep pasture of his habitat and the proliferation of the tracks of ski along with some of his Aragonese populations.